r/composting Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

79 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

165 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?
    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.
  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?
    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.
    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.
  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?
    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.
    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.
    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):
      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.
  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.
    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.
  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer
    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.
  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.
    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.

r/composting 4h ago

Outdoor Compost pile is sprouting

Thumbnail
gallery
226 Upvotes

I’ve got this pile of old garden dirt that’s become a catch all for kitchen scraps. I just started adding to it last fall and now this is happening. Should I just roll with it and see what happens? Mostly cucumber but also have a few apple seeds that have sprouted as well as a potato and some lettuce.


r/composting 2h ago

Outdoor Thank you Starbucks!

Post image
23 Upvotes

r/composting 4h ago

Compost spread

Post image
24 Upvotes

r/composting 1h ago

Outdoor Compost Time Capsule

Thumbnail
gallery
Upvotes

One of the interesting aspects of sifting compost is the intimate relationship developed with the final product. When picking the stones and uncompleted material out of the screen, one can easily recall their history.

Three years ago I cut my hair and decided to chuck it trimmings into the bin. Somehow a clump of hair made it through 3 years of turning and bring transfered between 4 bins relatively unscathed. It's now back in bin 1 for another 3 year ride through the compost conveyor.

I know all of the composting is basically an experiment. So my next question is how long does hair take to break down?

I have chunks of wool, from the neighbors sheep, moving from bin 2 into 3 this year. I wonder if it will be broken down by this time next year when it gets sifted?


r/composting 4h ago

Vermiculture Worms

Post image
14 Upvotes

r/composting 16h ago

2000+ lbs of chickie poo

Post image
99 Upvotes

After several trips back and forth from helping out an elderly gentleman with his coops in my area I’ve started two more piles and added a significant amount to my main pile. The mix you see is a 3 month breakdown of pine shavings, chicken feed and poop. It started stinking like I’ve never known the first few days but after several wheel barrows full of leaf litter from the property i think I’ve managed to balance it back out. Lucky me but damn was this a shit job


r/composting 1h ago

How is it looking?

Thumbnail
gallery
Upvotes

I have a 2 bin system and this has been maturing for 6 months while my other bin is my “active” bin. Mostly kitchen and garden scraps for the nitrogen, and paper and pine shavings for the browns. Turn the pile (at least the top) every week or to to start, then maybe monthly when the fresh pile wants more attention. The worms and larvae are all wild who just decided to move in.

Opened the bottom of the bin because I needed some compost for my herbs and fruit plants and thought I would share a picture.


r/composting 5h ago

Question Can i use these as 'brown' material?

Thumbnail
gallery
11 Upvotes

They are kinda wet and have greenish grass(?). My compost lacks brown material, can i use these instead? Would it make compost wetter or not?

(Grammer might be not make sense, im not english-speaker sorry)


r/composting 6h ago

Chicken Compost System Chicken compost not as active

Thumbnail
gallery
14 Upvotes

I got my first flock of chickens March 2024. I had them mobile around our yard until building them a permanent run in August 2024. At that time we loaded their run (8ft by 20ft cattle panel hoop coop)with wood chips from around our property. As fall continues we kept loading the run with grass clippings and leaves. Over the winter we have have continued to feed my hens our food scraps directly into the run.

Last fall/early winter the food scraps that were left behygor broken down quite quickly however this spring things seem to have come to a halt. I'm wondering how to jumpstart the compost again.

I was planning to completely empty the run of all the mostly broken down material and pile it because I know the nitrogen is still too hot and will kill my garden if I use it this year. Once I pile it will it heat up again and keep breaking down?


r/composting 13h ago

Finally made some bins

Thumbnail
gallery
38 Upvotes

Had to dry out what I had going on in my heap, so seemed like a good time to make some big bins, 4’ wide x 6’ deep x 7’ tall. Divider boards can be removed to make turning into adjacent bin easier.


r/composting 20h ago

Outdoor What to do with sprouted avocados from compost?

Post image
109 Upvotes

Pretty much all avocado seeds sprouted from my outdoor compost. Is it normal? What should I do with them? Should I keep them in water or plant them in containers? (I can gift the plants to my friends)


r/composting 3h ago

Compost not quite ready for spring

3 Upvotes

I have a 200 gallon tumbler that didn't get turned much over the winter. I would say the compost is 80% done. In the next 3 weeks, I will be putting my plants in my gardens. At this point, should I just start turning the compost, or should I add some chicken manure/grass clippings to the tumbler to see if I can start it back up?


r/composting 3h ago

Kitchen scrap grinder

3 Upvotes

Does anyone grind up kitchen scraps to speed up composting? It doesn’t look like anything exists on Amazon for this.


r/composting 3h ago

Question about composting in planter

3 Upvotes

I bought a large aluminum raised planter for some veggies. I’m wondering if it will work to put compost in near the bottom layer , even if it isn’t compost yet. Will scraps and shells and coffee grounds and leaves help the soil if I do a big layer ? I thought I would do cardboard and branches - the kind of compost layer- leaves and soil.


r/composting 4h ago

Outdoor Is this done?

Thumbnail
gallery
3 Upvotes

I’ve had this for 5-6 months in a tumbler and stopped adding to it 2-3 months ago. Been turning a few times a week. I can’t tell if it’s ready. There are clumps which I’m told is normal for tumblers. Several peanut shells still intact and pine straws but otherwise seems it might be ready? I’d like to use it in my vegetable garden. Thank you in advance for your help!


r/composting 17h ago

Vermiculture With the weather warming up worms in my tower are multiplying like crazy!+harvested a bottom tray😁

Thumbnail
gallery
29 Upvotes

How many cocoons do you spot on the cardboard? (at least a dozen). Worms are multiplying like crazy with the weather warming up. The castings in the metal tub were harvested from my bottom tray in the tower bin and are now drying. In about a month, I’ll sift it to make worm tea. It’s loaded with worms and a little bit of unbroken down material, which I’m picking out and adding to the new top tray in my tower.

*Pro tip: adding old bedding that’s inoculated with beneficial microbes to a new feeding area will greatly speed up food breaking down.


r/composting 19m ago

Another Newbie

Post image
Upvotes

Newbie…composters, this is my compost, about 9 months old(but I have been adding to this side). I wanna start my garden this week, everything I’ve read says I can use it but I get conflicting answers as to bury it, mix it with my soil or put it on top as a mulch (no pests here and the garden will be gated so my cat doesn’t poop in it)


r/composting 23h ago

I got a tub of dirt! Will it kill my tomatoes?

Post image
52 Upvotes

I filled up a large raised garden bed with chopped up twigs, greens and leaves, added fresh soil on top and has been growing in it for two years. Found out that the bamboo from h*ll had found it's way in so I had to empty ghe boxes to dig out the bamboo. Most of it had composted down into this nice, dark soil - had to sift it a bit though.

Since it's a very low nutrient compost and two years old I thought to just use it for potting soil for my vegetables - do you think I will kill them? Do I really need to mix it with "other" soil? I don't really want to drive off to the garden center to buy some more plastic bags of basically peat and chicken manure...


r/composting 2h ago

Question Communities that will accept compost

1 Upvotes

Hello everyone. I currently live in an apartment, so I have no backyard just a balcony. For the past year or so I’ve been taking my compost to my parent’s house for their compost pile. Recently though they told me they’ll stop composting for now and may or may not continue it in the future. So my question is are there any great places or resources I can look at to give my compost to? Thanks in advance!


r/composting 1d ago

This little(large) guy's been in my compost for weeks. Concern?

Enable HLS to view with audio, or disable this notification

250 Upvotes

Dunno what this bug is exactly, but I remember seeing ducks and chicken eat them during some seasons back home. Anyone know what it is? Should I be concerned for it or my compost? I only bother it when I turn. Noticably the ants and fruitflies that were all over the compost a few weeks ago are gone and it's still here. Thought all insects would run out of things to eat at about the same time.

In Nairobi, Kenya. Compost is on my balcony in breathable shopping bags. Maybe 5 months old.


r/composting 6h ago

Outdoor Tiny but efficient compost recommendations?

1 Upvotes

Hi! I am looking to start my own compost pile. I have access to essentially unlimited materials of all kinds, but I need to find a way to fit the compost bin inside a small fenced area I have my garden in (because we have raccoons, hogs, etc.) Does anyone have any recommendations of small ones I can build or buy? I have lots of pallets, fine mesh, and cattle panel around to use. Honestly I think vermiculture might work best for me but we have fire ants and it get very hot here. So if anyone has solutions for that I'm interested. I thought about putting some worm holes in my raised beds (cattle troughs with holes in the bottom) and establishing worms in them but I think the heat might still be an issue.


r/composting 1d ago

Hot Pile

Post image
44 Upvotes

First cut of the lawn last week... chucked the clippings into the centre and the core temp has shot up to 70⁰c (158⁰F)


r/composting 16h ago

There are some little wiggly dudes in my compost and i don't know if it's a bad thing

Enable HLS to view with audio, or disable this notification

3 Upvotes

So I’ve been doing my version of composting for a few months now. It’s nothing super fancy because I just compost to keep my food scraps out of landfill, not to make fertilizer (I don’t even have a garden lol). I have a DIY indoor composting bin, which is just a lidded bucket with holes drilled into it. It has some dirt from my backyard, and I add food scraps and cardboard about every week. I also mix it at least once a week to aerate. Then I sift out the “done” compost and sprinkle it on my lawn.

Lately, I’ve noticed some tiny little friends in my compost (see the video). I’m not really sure what they are, but they probably got in my bin when I added some dirt from my backyard a few weeks ago. At first I didn’t mind because I figured they were just helping break down my food scraps, and that’s what I want. But then I realized that I’m essentially just breeding these guys in my bin and then releasing them into the wild when I sprinkle the compost on my lawn. And I’m concerned this might be bad for the other little critters living in the soil in my lawn, who now have to compete with this horde of little wiggly dudes.

So does anyone know what these things are? And is it okay for me to continue releasing them on my lawn?


r/composting 20h ago

Outdoor Added a bit of worms. Still need a wee bit more of browns imo. Current set up!

6 Upvotes

r/composting 17h ago

Hot composting

Post image
3 Upvotes