r/videos 2d ago

Milton Friedman on Tariffs and Free Trade

https://youtu.be/59YWFR8lCEc?si=b4jSG79TZrE8CHLl
395 Upvotes

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u/Spiritofhonour 2d ago

Summary of video: Someone asks Friedman about Japanese steel flooding the U.S. market and potentially killing American steel jobs, suggesting that Japan's government is helping their companies sell steel at super low prices. Friedman explains that this argument against free trade has been debunked since 1776 citing Adam Smith, and nearly every economist since then agrees.

Sure, cheap Japanese steel might hurt U.S. steel jobs, but here's the thing - those Japanese companies aren't going to just frame the dollars they get. They'll spend them somewhere, and those dollars will eventually circle back to buy American stuff. So while steel jobs might take a hit, other American jobs will pop up to balance things out. Plus, American consumers get a sweet deal with cheaper steel products.

Why then does the steel industry's protection argument seems to work so well politically? It's all about what you can see versus what you can't - you can point to specific steel workers losing jobs, but it's harder to identify the scattered new jobs that pop up elsewhere. To show how silly protection arguments are, he jokes about building expensive hothouses in Utah to grow bananas - sure, it'd create jobs, but it's obviously a waste. He wraps up by saying if Japan really is subsidizing their steel, hey, that's basically them giving Americans a gift.

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u/1900grs 2d ago

Sure, cheap Japanese steel might hurt U.S. steel jobs, but here's the thing - those Japanese companies aren't going to just frame the dollars they get.

His answer is too simple here partly because of how the question was framed for economics of the time. He doesn't take into account things like national security, like we're seeing now with steel. Not solely because of tariffs, but when a country loses the ability to make its own steel when mills shutter, you can't just start up production and supply lines in times of crisis. We become dependent on the foreign country for something we used to own. It's not just the flow of money. It's the control of resources and ownership of processes.

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u/nickriel 2d ago

You could also say interdependence is a great deterrent to all out war.

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u/Readonkulous 2d ago

I believe that was the aim of Germany and other EU countries in relation to Russia. The problem is that reason and rationality is not the basic operating programme for Russian leaders. 

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u/Olsku_ 2d ago

Only a few countries are as Russia as Russia though. The EU was conceived as a way to tie France and Germany together to prevent future wars and that project has worked out great for the entire continent.

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u/nickriel 2d ago

A great deterrent. An absolute deterrent is impossible.

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u/MumrikDK 2d ago

It was also the aim with what now is called the EU itself.

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u/ericwphoto 2d ago

I was going to say Russian leaders and Trump, but that would be redundant.

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u/ratpH1nk 2d ago

or people who routinely declare war.

Boss:HEY JASPER. I am gonna invade the neighbors, god they are terrible!

Jasper: What would that do to the price of coffee, sir? Or wheat?

Boss: Oh drat. Forget it.